"History and Evolution of the BCN Tug "
"Includes Tugs from other canals: Some of which are more like the BCN Tug in our minds eye than the real BCN Tug"
Over the years in the minds of many a specific type of boat design called a BCN Tug seems to have evolved. In the minds eye of many it appears that this was a design of boat that evolved in the rarified waters of the BCN a mythical class of boat that many today aspire to imitate.
Many boat builders sell the idea of a tug to many a new boat buyer, some hang the label replica BCN Tug onto there product.
In reality no such specific design of tug ever existed, our fore fathers when faced with the need for a Tug, used what ever boat was available, shortening some boats or just adapting others.
In time some companies built boats for their own needs each boat loosely resembling others in the company fleet, but none of these boats when compared to each other or other companies boats could be said to fit a formula that could be classified as one design. The main charactistic being that they were low in the water and rather crude in appearence.
So the BCN Tug came in many shapes and sizes and colours and was not the romantic class of boat that we give to the name today. They had to work hard for a living, had to be fit for purpose, some had a livery that stated the company, but the paint work on these craft was never as the shinny polished and cherished examples we have left today.
Indeed the look, shape and general appearance of the boats left today is a result of years of changing the design as the roles changed or a new engine was fitted, the hull shorten or lengthen. So again the design is a bit of a myth having evolved with each change of owner or role.
The following introduction and section has been put together from information supplied by Martin O'Keeffe, and Jeff Barley pulling together information from various sources. Martin a past Chairman of the Society is the owner of a design of boat based on the modern view of a BCN Tug, painted in the colours and style of a BCN Carrier, Leonard Leigh.
"Introduction"
The long lock free sections of the BCN system known as the Wolverhampton and Birmingham levels allowed for easy navigation especially with power haulage. This possibility was recognised in the early part of the 19th century when an entrepreneur suggested the use of tugs on the BCN, although there is no specific record when put into service. Of course steam tugs were used in some of the long tunnels on the Trent and Mersey and the Grand Junction Canals, also on the Coventry Canal for tugging boats in the coal fields.
A steam powered narrow boat required a larger crew with an engineman to tend the boiler and the boats would have been expensive to construct given the steam plant neeeded.
The coming of the internal combustion engine made powered narrow boats a more practical solution and prior to the First World War a number of motor narrow boats were constructed
The BCN were asked to provide power haulage through Gosty Hill Tunnel in 1912 and had a tug designed by ship architects James Pollock and Son, who were also the agent for the Swedish Bolinder Company. Bolinder supplied semi diesel engines(other wise known as Hot Bulb) and the design prepared for the BCN included a Bolinder engine.
However the real impetus for the introduction of tugs on the BCN was the First World War. There was a national shortage of horses and labour, and at the same time a large increase in manufacturing.
Thus the coal factors W H Bowater and Co are likely to have been the first user of a tug on the BCN. By the early 20th Century coal production had moved from the traditional areas of the black country to the Cannock Coalfield.
Thus tugs could be used to haul boats along the Wolverhampton level which served the Cannock Coalfield, Walsall and Wolverhampton and as far as Tipton, Oldbury and Smethwick. Thus a firm as Bowater's who principally supplies industries and the Electric and Gas works could make good use of a tug.
Others followed and the next user may well have been Chance and Hunt the Oldbury chemical makers who had two tugs supplied during and just after the war. However in the inter war years the main use was servicing the electricity generating stations at Wolverhampton and Walsall. Firms such as Leonard Leigh, Ernest Thomas and Yates Brothers were involved in this trade.
Thus tugs saw use until the final days of commercial traffic on the BCN when the power stations finally ceased to take coal by boat in the 1960's.
Some of the tugs were purpose designed, others were shortened carrying narrowboats. They were built in wood and in iron/steel. Some were built on BCN boat docks and others further away at shipyards. But what they all did was provide a distinctive aspect of the carrying era on the BCN.
In more recent times the tug in various forms have been seen by enthusiast pleasure boaters as a means to have a modern boat that retained the looks of a real working boat with reasonable cabin space.
Postscript
This section is very much work in progress and both Martin and Jeff would be pleased to receive any corrections/updates/further pictures, and especially engine details. Please e-mail to:http://martin@bcn-society.fsnet.uk
Much of the information from the www.hnboc.org.uk website.
Further Information
Also see Boundary Post Section as from BP 177 Summer 2007, Martin starts a series on the history of tugs. Part one:- Tale of Two Georges.
Further Information: Colours for Tugs, compiled for Edition 181 of Boundary Post the 40th Anniversary Edition.
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